Bind each cell/module/pack to a cryptographically signed identity, issue Device & Ownership VCs on the line, and let integrators, operators, and regulators check status with one scan.
Keep serials and safety labels; add a VC layer for authenticity, provisioning, and lifecycle status.
{
"type": ["BatteryPackCredential"],
"issuer": "did:web:veritrust.vc",
"credentialSubject": {
"manufacturerDid": "did:veritrust:manufacturer:cn-batt-001",
"model": "LFP-280Ah-Pack",
"serial": "PK-2025-000123",
"capacity_Wh": 14336,
"chemistry": "LFP",
"bom_hash": "sha256:..."
}
}
Cell & pack manufacturers — prove origin and spec conformance.
BESS/HESS integrators — verify incoming modules and track warranty.
Operators & EPCs — audit trail for safety and insurance.
Regulators & customs — instant verification at borders and inspections.
Embed an Ed25519 key in BMS (SE/TPM or encrypted flash). Stamp serial + QR/NFC plate.
pubkey: ed25519:... serial: PK-2025-000123
At end-of-line, issue Device VC (model/specs), BOM hash, and optional Ownership VC for integrator.
POST /manufacturing/device/issue
Scan at intake, commissioning, service, resale. Status feed covers warranty, recalls, and firmware.
GET /verify/device/{serial or QR}Integrator scans batches; mixed/gray-market modules fail verification.
Ownership VC tracks handoffs; affected serials turn red in the registry.
Customs/insurers verify certified models and test reports via device VC.
Field tool runs a signed challenge; only genuine devices respond correctly.